Example for Adverbial Clauses and more Example For Adjective Clauses

ADVERBIAL CLAUSE

Adverbial Clause (Using before, after, when and while)

examples:

 a.  When the baby was in his bed, the big snake approached him.
                (adverbial clause)                      (independent clause)

 b.  She locked the door to make the gold inside safe before the woman left the house.
                 (independent clause)                        (adverbial clause)

Notes :
-   Adverbial clauses are dependent clauses which cannot stand alone. The big snake approached him is the independent (main) clause.
-   The time introducers of adverb clause can be put either as the first or second clause (see example a and b).

-   The punctuation: if the adverb clause comes first, a comma is needed to separate clauses (see example a).

    If the adverb clause comes the second, a comma is not necessary (see no.b).
-   Adverb clauses introduced by before, after, when, and while are adverb clause of time (meaning that the clause explain the time of events).

Time Introducer After
ex: The dog was killed by the villagers after it wounded the baby.
mean: After means happening at that time subsequent to a certain time.

Time Introducer Before
ex: Before he died, he said some important words to his sons.
mean: Before means earlier in time or previously.

Time Introducer When
ex: When I was a child, I went to the jungle with my uncle.
mean: When means 'at that time'.

Time Introducer While
ex: While she was sitting at the porch of her house, a big frightening man came.
mean: While means 'during that time'.

Adverbial Clause to Show Cause-effect Relationships (Using because, since, as, for, and because of)

Adverbial clauses to show cause-effect relationship are usually necessary in the analytical and hortatory expositions. Therefore, it is very important to understand the use of conjunctions of cause-effect relationship.

A.  The uses of because, since, as, and as long as
      Study the following examples.
      a.  Flood happen regularly because the rivers cannot accommodate the great amount of water.
             (independent clause)   because +  (adverbial clause)
            Subject + Verb/to-be                    Subject + Verb/to-be

      b.  Because the rivers cannot accommodate the great amount of water, floods happen regularly.
           Because +    (adverbial clause) +  (independent clause)
      c.  The prices of basic commodities rise as the fuel prices increase.
      d.  You should study more intensively since the exam will come soon.
      e.  They won't go to school as long as they can't afford to pay school fee and the expensive books.

Note:
1.  as and since mean the same: "because". As long as means "but only if".
2. The conjunctions (because, as, since, as long as) may come before or after the independent (main) clause. Compare examples (a) and (b).
3. When the conjunctions come before the independent clause, a comma is needed.
4. Both independent clause and adverbial clause consist of a subject and predicate (verb/to-be).

B.  The use of "because of"
      Study the examples.
      a.  Because the quality is low, the product cannot be sold at a good price.
           Because + adverbial clause, Independent Clause

      b.  Because of the low quality, the product cannot be sold at a good price.
           Because of +       Noun      , Independent Clause

Adverbial Clause of Time (Using by the time, until, once, as and as soon as)

To make texts, especially narratives become coherent, it is necessary to use adverbial clause of time. Some of the common words to introduce adverbial clause of time are: until, as, by the time, once and as soon as.

For examples:

a.   I stayed in the house until the rain stopped.
b.   As the woman was waiting for her husband in front of the house, the child began crying.
c.   By the time the man arrived, the child had already slept.
d.   Once he got the chance, he hit the big man in the head.
e.   As soon as the rain started, he stopped his car.

Notes:
-  Until or till means "to that timeand then no longer" (till is used usually in speaking).
-  As means "while", during that time.
-  By the time means "one event is completed before another event".
-  Once and as soon as means the same, "when one event happens, another event happens soon afterwards"

*  Adverb clauses are sub (dependent) clauses which are used before or after the
    independent (main clauses).
    E.g. Once he finished his food, he ran to the jungle to hunt wild animals.
                   Adverbial clause                                 Main clause

            He ran to the jungle to hunt wild animals as soon as he finished his food.
                   Main clause                                        Adverbial clause

 Example the practice using adjective clauses by combing a sentence element from each of the boxes :

 

           ·         Who, That, Whom, Whose

This is They just saw Here is the picture of Have you seen I have just meet	The man The woman The teacher	Who That	Teaches french Arrived yesterday Applied for the job Is wanted by the police
		Whom	I recomended
		Whose	Money was stolen Son is in the army Car is worth a fortune

 

          ·         Which, That

This is not I saw She ask me for

The pen The article The dress The photo The watch The letter

Which That

You wanted He gave you Susan needed Your son was looking for

·         Where

The house The place The cabin

Where

Susan was born The morder took place Your grand mother lives The poet stayed

Is being repainted Has been demolished Is nearby Has been taken over

·         Where

This is I have seen Have you ever been to

The house The village The place

Where

Susan was born The murder took place Your grand mother lives The poet stayed

·         When

She came We got there Susan arrived

On the day At the time At the very hour

when

Her grandmother died The theft took place The party was on The child had the accident

·         Why

Can you remember Please explain to me I never found out Do you know

The reason

Why

She was dismissed Susan left so suddenly He did not come to the party They are quarreling They sold their car

Example the practice using adjective clauses by combing a sentence element from each of the boxes :

           ·         Who, That, Whom, Whose

 

This is They just saw Here is the picture of Have you seen I have just meet	The man The woman The teacher	Who That	Teaches french Arrived yesterday Applied for the job Is wanted by the police
		Whom	I recomended
		Whose	Money was stolen Son is in the army Car is worth a fortune

 

          ·         Which, That

This is not I saw She ask me for

The pen The article The dress The photo The watch The letter

Which That

You wanted He gave you Susan needed Your son was looking for

·         Where

The house The place The cabin

Where

Susan was born The morder took place Your grand mother lives The poet stayed

Is being repainted Has been demolished Is nearby Has been taken over

·         Where

This is I have seen Have you ever been to

The house The village The place

Where

Susan was born The murder took place Your grand mother lives The poet stayed

·         When

She came We got there Susan arrived

On the day At the time At the very hour

when

Her grandmother died The theft took place The party was on The child had the accident

·         Why

Can you remember Please explain to me I never found out Do you know

The reason

Why

She was dismissed Susan left so suddenly He did not come to the party They are quarreling They sold their car

Plagiarisme dalam Hegemoni Kultur Akademi

Hukum Plagiarisme dalam Hegemoni Kultur Akademi.

Plagiariarisme atau plagiat adalah suatu tindak pidana yang mengarah pada penjiplakan hak cipta akan suatu karya seseorang. Entah dalam bentuk sebuah catatan , karangan ataupun sebuah pendapat atau karya tulis seseorang yang di jiplak (di copy) lalu ia akui sebagai karya miliknya ataupun memakai karya seseorang tanpa mencantumkan siapa pemilik karya itu.

Salah satu bantuk plagiarisme yang paling sering di temukan di kalangan Akademi saat ini adalah penjiplakan karya tulis seseorang yang banyak para mahasiswa lakukan tuk mendapatkan nilai dari dosen mereka dan mereka menjiplak karya tulis seseorang dan mencantumkan namanya sendiri sebagai pangarang dari karya tulis tersebut, padahal orang lainlah yang membuat karya tersebut.

Walaupun tindakan Plagiarisme atau Plagiat tersebut telah banyak dilakukan, dan bukan hanya dikalangan mahasiswa sajalah yang sering melakukannya, bahkan banyak sekali masyarakat umum terutama pelajar siswa/i yang tidak mengerti akan tindakan yang ia lakukannya adalah sebuah tindak pidana. Dikarenakan kurangnya sosialisasi ataupun peringatan – peringatan tertulis yang ada sehingga membuat para plagiator bebas melakukan aksinya tanpa harus memperdulikan hukum yang berlaku.

Peran Budaya terhadap penegakan Hukum di Negara Indonesia.

Peran budaya terhadap penegakan hukum di indonesia sejauh ini menurut saya belum banyak memiliki pengaruh yang sangat besar bagi begitu banyaknya Rakyat Indonesia yang haus akan ketegakkan Hukum di negara demokrasi ini.

Beragam macam budaya yang ada di Indonesia tidak dapat membuat hukum yang ada di Indonesia dapat ter realisasikan bagi sebagian besar rakyat –rakyat indonesia yang berlatar belakang tidak memiliki pendidikan tinggi yang mengerti akan hukum yang tertulis dalam undang-undang dasar ’45.

Seharusnya semua hukum yang tertulis di dalam UUD ’45 itu dapat kita rasakan, agar kita merasa benar-benar sebagai Rakyat Indonesia yang bukan hanya harus mematuhi segala bentuk Hukum yang ada, namun kita juga dapat merasakan dampak positif dari UU tersebut.

Namun di beberapa suku yang ada di indonesia, yang dimana suku tersebut masih memegang teguh hukum yang ada dari para Leluhur mereka, hukum yang tertulis di dalam UU itu sangatlah tidak berarti, karena bagaimanapun sistem budaya yang ada di suku tersebut masih sangatlah sakral dan tidak dapat tergantikan oleh UU yang berlaku bagi sebagian rakyat modern.

Manajemen Sukses yang Efektif dan Efisien

Gandum (Triticum spp.) adalah sekelompok tanaman serealia dari suku padi-padian yang kaya akan karbohidrat. Gandum biasanya digunakan untuk memproduksi tepung terigu, pakan ternak, ataupun difermentasi untuk menghasilkan alkohol.

Gandum merupakan makanan pokok manusia, pakan ternak dan bahan industri yang mempergunakan karbohidrat sebagai bahan baku. Gandum dapat diklasifikasikan berdasarkan tekstur biji gandum (kernel), warna kulit biji (bran), dan musim tanam. Berdasarkan tekstur kernel, gandum diklasifikasikan menjadi hard, soft, dan durum. Sementara itu berdasarkan warna bran, gandum diklasifikasikan menjadi red (merah) dan white (putih). Untuk musim tanam, gandum dibagi menjadi winter (musim dingin) dan spring (musim semi). Namun, secara umum gandum diklasifikasikan menjadi hard wheat, soft wheat dan durum wheat.

Salah satu jenis Gandum adalah :

T. aestivum (hard wheat)

T. aestivum adalah spesies gandum yang paling banyak ditanam di dunia dan banyak digunakan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan roti karena mempunyai kadar protein yang tinggi. Gandum ini mempunyai ciri-ciri kulit luar berwarna coklat, bijinya keras, dan berdaya serap air tinggi. Setiap bulir terdiri dari dua sampai lima butir gabah.

Morfologi Biji Gandum

Pada umumnya, kernel berbentuk ofal dengan panjang 6–8 mm dan diameter 2–3 mm. Seperti jenis serealia lainnya, gandum memiliki tekstur yang keras. Biji gandum terdiri dari tiga bagian yaitu bagian kulit (bran), bagian endosperma, dan bagian lembaga (germ). Bagian kulit dari biji gandum sebenarnya tidak mudah dipisahkan karena merupakan satu kesatuan dari biji gandum tetapi bagian kulit ini biasanya dapat dipisahkan melalui proses penggilingan.

Proses pembuatan Tepung Terigu

Tepung terigu diperoleh dari hasil penggilingan biji gandum yang mengalami beberapa tahap pengolahan (Paul & Helen 1972). Beberapa tahap proses pengolahan tersebut adalah tahap persiapan dan tahap penggilingan. Tahap persiapan meliputi proses cleaning (pembersihan), dampening (pelembapan), dan conditioning (pengondisian). Pada tahap cleaning, gandum dibersihkan dari kotoran-kotoran seperti debu, biji-biji lain selain gandum (seperti biji jagung, kedelai), kulit gandum, batang gandum, batu-batuan, kerikil, logam, dan lain-lain. Kontaminan-kontaminan tersebut harus dipisahkan dari gandum sebelum proses penggilingan. Penggunaan ayakan kasar dan magnet dapat memisahkan benda-benda asing dan substansi logam yang terdapat pada gandum. Kontaminan kecil memerlukan perlakuan khusus untuk memisahkannya dari gandum.
Gandum yang telah dibersihkan mengalami proses selanjutnya yaitu proses dampening dan conditioning. Proses dampening adalah proses penambahan air agar campuran gandum memiliki kadar air yang diinginkan. Proses dampening tergantung pada kandungan air dari gandum, kepadatan, dan kekerasan biji gandum.

Jenis – jenis tepung terigu

• Tepung berprotein tinggi (bread flour): tepung terigu yang mengandung kadar protein tinggi, antara 11%-13%, digunakan sebagai bahan pembuat roti, mi, pasta, dan donat.
• Tepung berprotein sedang/serbaguna (all purpose flour): tepung terigu yang mengandung kadar protein sedang, sekitar 8%-10%, digunakan sebagai bahan pembuat kue cake.
• Tepung berprotein rendah (pastry flour): mengandung protein sekitar 6%-8%, umumnya digunakan untuk membuat kue yang renyah, seperti biskuit atau kulit gorengan ataupun keripik.

Kesimpulan :

Gandum dapat di pakai sebagai bahan pengganti dari makanan pokok seperti halnya beras karena gandum ini memiliki kandungan karbohidrat yang lumayan banyak dan memiliki sedikit kandungan lemak nabati nya. selain itu, gandum biasanya digunakan untuk memproduksi tepung terigu, pakan ternak, ataupun di fermentasi bersama bahan-bahan lain untuk menghasilkan alkohol. Bukan hanya biji gandum utuh yang dapat di olah saja, namun hasil limbah dari gandum itu sendiri-pun dapat di efektifitaskan menjadi beberapa olahan yang bermanfaat bagi hewan ternak dan dapat pula menjadi kerajinan-kerajinan yang unik.


 Harni Yunisa Anggraini
1 EA 11
13211239